Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

Phonology

The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.

Social changes can often bring about language changes.

The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.

Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

Syntax

General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.