If he is a common carrier，he is absolutely responsible to the owner of the goods carried （）any loss or damage to them unless caused by an Act of God or the Queen’s enemies，or the inherent vice in the goods themselves，or the negligence of the owner of the goods，or a general average sacrifice.

Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving，protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be considered as（）.

If the redelivery of a vessel is delayed by causes （），hire is payable at the charter rate until redelivery even though the market rate may have gone up or down.

Deviation to save（）is always justified，unless it is expressly stipulated otherwise.

Deviation changes with a change in（）.

No jettison of cargo shall be made fair as（）unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognized custom of the trade.

It becomes a common practice to insert a clause in the bills of lading for vessels trading to and from the United States，expressly declaring（）the Shipowner could recover in general average in the event of negligence，provided that due diligence has been exercised to make the ship in all respects seaworthy.

The master of a ship must collect general average contributions for the benefit of those entitled to them，whether they are cargo owners or ship owner，and（）the Shipowner’s lien on the cargo，where necessary，until they are paid.

For a sacrifice or expenditure to be the subject of general average contribution，there must be a danger common to（）.

No jettison of cargo shall be made（）as general average unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognized custom of the trade.