The bill of lading serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea between the（）.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

“Shipment is to be made in the second half of a month.” means shipment to be made from （）.

Consolidation can benefit all concerned.For exporters and shippers， they get the benefit of（）than they would have normally paid to the carrier.

Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

The freight forwarders， on behalf of the consignee， would arrange customs clearance and pay duties， fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.

On traffic lanes where demand is strong and plane capacity is limited， the air rates will be （）and vice versa for traffic lanes where supply exceeds demand.

The UCP published by the （），contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit.

（） means that the seller delivers the goods， clears for export， to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.