Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

D（）is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

Morphology

Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.

A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.